DISEASE
More than 500 results
DISEASE
-
Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer. How Do People Get HIV? According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in the U.S. the estimated number of people with HIV/AIDS is about 1, 185, 000 with approximately 25% of them unaware of their infection. A person gets HIV when an infected person's body fluids (blood, semen, fluids from the vagina or breast milk) enter his or her bloodstream. The virus can enter the blood through linings in the mouth, anus, vagina, penis or through broken skin. Both men and women can spread HIV. A person with HIV can feel okay and still give the virus to others. Pregnant women with HIV also can give the virus to their babies. An STD is a serious illness that requires treatment. An STD like AIDS, cannot be cured and are deadly.
-
Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. In time, it can lead to permanent liver damage as well as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Many people do not know that they have hepatitis C until they already have some liver damage. This can take many years. Some people who get hepatitis C have it for a short time and then get better. This is called acute hepatitis C. But most people who are infected with the virus go on to develop long-term, or chronic, hepatitis C. What Causes Hepatitis C Infection? Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is spread from one person's infected blood to another person's blood. What are the symptoms? Many people have no symptoms when they are first infected with the hepatitis C virus. If you do develop symptoms, they are usually very similar to the symptoms for hepatitis B. Hepatitis C Core Antibody Test This antibody appears approximately 1 month after infection with HBsAg and declines over several years.
-
Genital herpes is a disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) usually causes oral herpes. Symptoms are commonly known as cold sores or fever blisters. In the past, HSV-1 was not known to cause genital herpes, but that is changing, especially among people who begin having sex at a young age. Type 2 (HSV-2) usually causes genital herpes. When it's active, it travels to the surface of the infected area and makes copies of itself, this is called shedding. It is during this time that the virus can rub off onto another person. Then the virus travels back down the nerve, where it lies dormant for a while. About one-fifth of all people aged 12 and up in the U.S. are infected with the HSV-2 virus that causes genital herpes, but as many as 90% don't know it. Experts estimate 50% to 80% of adults have oral herpes.
-
With new resources, technology, and locations, HealthwoRx gives both doctors and patients something to look forward to. Undoubtedly, Healthworx's innovative approach to healthcare sets a national standard for other health care centers around the world.
-
Our goal is provide exceptional care to you and your family using the latest in dental technology and procedures. Smile Design and Preview - Along with your assistance, we design a beautiful and natural smile which you can preview through digital imaging and laboratory mock-ups. Digital X-rays and Intraoral Pictures - Our comfortable digital x-rays use 90% less radiation than conventional thin sharp x-rays. And together with our digital intraoral pictures, you can now see what the doctor sees right on the computer monitor. We feel this enhances the quality of care as well as your understanding and education. Invisalign - Metal braces can now be a thing of the past. Our clear Invisalign braces straighten teeth comfortably and can be taken out while eating and brushing. Never have braces been so comfortable.
-
Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer. The only way to know if you have HIV is to take an HIV test. Most tests looks for signs of HIV in your blood. A small sample of blood is taken from your arm. The blood is sent to a lab and tested for HIV. Who Should Be Tested? It is recommended that people who engage in risky behaviors such as unprotected sex or needle-sharing and all pregnant women be tested for HIV infection. Does HIV Have Symptoms? Some people get flu-like symptoms: Fever, Night sweats, Feeling tired all the time, Feeling sick all the time, Losing weight, Swollen glands.
-
The kidneys remove waste material, minerals, fluids, and other substances from the blood for elimination in the urine. Therefore, urine can contain hundreds of different bodily waste products. Many factors, such as diet, fluid intake, exercise, and kidney function, affect what is in your urine. More than 100 different tests can be done on urine. A urinalysis test measures several different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. A routine urine screening test may be done to help find the cause for many types of symptoms. The test can provide information about your overall health and clues to many conditions. Total Urinary Analysis (UA) involves multiple routine tests on a urine specimen. A UA will routinely include color, appearance, and odor; pH; and presence of proteins, glucose, ketones, and blood. It is also examined microscopically for RBCs, WBCs, casts, crystals, and bacteria.
-
Hepatitis B You can have hepatitis B and not know it. You may not have symptoms. If you do, they can make you feel like you have the flu. But as long as you have the virus, you can spread it to others. Sometimes the virus does not go away. This is called chronic hepatitis B. Over time, it can damage your liver. Babies and young children infected with the virus are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B. What Causes Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is spread through contact with the blood and body fluids of an infected person. You can get Hepatitis B if you: Have sex without using a condom. Share needles to inject drugs. Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that were not cleaned right. Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes.
-
What Are STD Symptoms ? Frequently, there are no symptoms. If symptoms are present STD Testing is recommended. Symptoms may include one or more of the following: Bumps, sores or warts near the mouth, anus, penis or vagina. Swelling or redness near the penis or vagina. Skin rash. Painful urination. Weight loss, loose stools, night sweats. Aches, pains, fever, and chills. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice). Discharge from the penis or vagina Bleeding from the vagina other than during a monthly period. Vaginal odor. Painful sex. Severe itching near the penis or vagina. Because an STD can be symptom free, do not assume that you or your partner are not infected just because you do not have any symptoms. An STD can be present for years before they become symptomatic, so the only way to know for sure if you or your partner has an STD is to get an STD test.
-
Symptoms of HSV typically appear as a blister or as multiple blisters on or around the mouth, genitals or rectum. The blisters break, leaving tender sores. Many people with HSV never have any symptoms or they mistake the symptoms for some other skin irritation like insect bites, ingrown hairs, or pimples. HSV-1 is usually passed from person to person by kissing. HSV-1 can also spread from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex. If this happens, it becomes a case of genital herpes. HSV-2 is most often passed by vaginal sex and anal sex. But just as HSV-1 can infect the genitals and cause genital herpes, HSV-2 can pass from one person's genitals to another person's mouth, resulting in oral herpes.
-
-
An STD is a serious illness that requires treatment. An STD like AIDS, cannot be cured and are deadly. What Are STD Symptoms ? Frequently, there are no symptoms. If symptoms are present STD Testing is recommended. Symptoms may include one or more of the following: Bumps, sores or warts near the mouth, anus, penis or vagina. Swelling or redness near the penis or vagina. Skin rash. Painful urination. Weight loss, loose stools, night sweats. Aches, pains, fever, and chills. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice). Discharge from the penis or vagina Bleeding from the vagina other than during a monthly period. Vaginal odor. Painful sex. Severe itching near the penis or vagina. Because an STD can be symptom free, do not assume that you or your partner are not infected just because you do not have any symptoms.
-
HSV-1 is usually passed from person to person by kissing. HSV-1 can also spread from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex. If this happens, it becomes a case of genital herpes. HSV-2 is most often passed by vaginal sex and anal sex. But just as HSV-1 can infect the genitals and cause genital herpes, HSV-2 can pass from one person's genitals to another person's mouth, resulting in oral herpes. About one-fifth of all people aged 12 and up in the U.S. are infected with the HSV-2 virus that causes genital herpes, but as many as 90% don't know it. Experts estimate 50% to 80% of adults have oral herpes. One in four women compared with one in five men are infected with genital herpes. One reason may be that the virus can infect a woman's genitals more easily than it can a man's. It becomes more common as people age and the more sex partners people have.
-
Genital herpes is a disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) usually causes oral herpes. Symptoms are commonly known as cold sores or fever blisters. In the past, HSV-1 was not known to cause genital herpes, but that is changing, especially among people who begin having sex at a young age. Type 2 (HSV-2) usually causes genital herpes. When it's active, it travels to the surface of the infected area and makes copies of itself, this is called shedding. It is during this time that the virus can rub off onto another person. Then the virus travels back down the nerve, where it lies dormant for a while. About one-fifth of all people aged 12 and up in the U.S. are infected with the HSV-2 virus that causes genital herpes, but as many as 90% don't know it. Experts estimate 50% to 80% of adults have oral herpes.
-
Puget Sound Institute of Pathology P.L.L.C. - Seattle, Washington is one of the largest private pathology groups in Washington State. For over 50 years, our pathologists have provided the highest quality pathology diagnostic and laboratory consultation services. We take pride in our diagnostic precision using state-of-the-art techniques, and are committed to forming strong patient care partnerships with the clients we serve.
-
DALLAS NEUROSURGICAL & SPINE ASSOCIATION AT TEXAS HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
TEXAS, 75013 ALLEN, 1105 CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY N
The neurosurgeons at DNS bring together a diversity and depth of training received from prestigious medical programs across the United States. Each has exceptional skill in the latest, most innovative surgical techniques for neurological and spine disorders, including microsurgery, endoscopic surgery, minimally invasive spine surgery, Gamma Knife focused radiation, complex and comprehensive spine surgery and nonoperative pain management. Dallas Neurosurgical & Spine (DNS) began in the early 1960s as a merger of two pioneering neurosurgical groups. Today, DNS is the longest-established private neurosurgical specialty practice group in North Texas, with six full-time physicians and five nurse practitioners supported by a large staff.
-
The Atlanta Equine Clinic provides your horse with the very best in veterinary medicine, lameness diagnostics, & equine surgery. Get on-line consultations, events & seminar dates, hospital tours and support.
-
Allow the doctors at TrinityXpressMed Medical Center to be your Primary Care Physician. If you have medical conditions that require ongoing care we are here to help you manage your health. Our medical centers are equiped with on-site radiology and lab equipment for all your medical testing needs.
-
USMD Hospital at Arlington is a vibrant general acute-care hospital conveniently located just east of the Parks Mall in Arlington. Excellence in patient care is achieved through the very latest in technology and the dedication of a skilled and compassionate staff. Our Day Surgery Unit is comprised of 34 beds dedicated to providing first-class services to our patients. Our new In-patient Unit consists of 16 large private suites with the look and feel of a fine hotel. All rooms include private bathrooms, full-size sofa beds for guests, hardwood floors, designer curtains and amenities including DVD players, data ports and refrigerators.
-
Using heat (called thermal ablation) to treat large varicose vein disease can be done with either Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLT--by AngioDynamics) and Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation (VNUS ClosureFAST--by VNUS). These are less invasive ways of treating large varicose veins than the older standard of vein ligation and stripping. During EVLT, heat from a laser source is used to close the varicose vein; while with VNUS ClosureFAST, heat comes from a microwave-like device. Dr. Landau performs thermal ablation on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. When compared to more traditional vein stripping methods, EVLT and VNUS ClosureFAST are both just as effective, have far fewer draw backs, and are considered far less painful during recovery. In addition, thermal ablation leaves virtually no scars as there are no large incisions to be made! EVLT and VNUS ClosureFAST take just 45 minutes to an hour and are performed right in Dr. Landau's Wilshire Boulevard facility.
-
Eye Care Associates, P.A., was formed in 1995 when several of the most respected and established eye care practices in the Twin Cities merged. Our practice has deep roots dating back more than 35 years in downtown and northeast Minneapolis. Our doctors are among the founders of the Phillips Eye Institute, one of the leading ophthalmic specialty care hospitals in the country and the location where many of our surgeries are performed. Our doctors are board certified and have completed years of rigorous surgical and medical training. We currently have eight ophthalmologists and two optometrists, as well as a staff of nearly 50 highly skilled technicians, opticians, and certified ophthalmic personnel.
-
Eyecare Associates provide complete high quality eye care to our patients
-
Our veterinary team strives to provide our clients with the same friendly, caring, and professional care we ourselves would expect. We care for our patients the way we would ask our own pets to be treated… as part of our family! Grantline Veterinary also offers, as a convienence service to our clients, the services of Board Certified Veterinary Specialists at our hospital, when the need arises. Additionally, we offer a wide variety of preventative health services, including well animal examinations, vaccinations, health certificates, boarding and much more
-
Kindred Healthcare
-
Louisville Orthopaedic Clinic has created an orthopaedic environment, which enables us to treat all types of orthopaedic problems and musculoskeletal diseases. We strive to offer the latest technological advances in orthopaedic care including onsite extremity MRI and custom orthotic services. The group began in 1974 with three orthopaedic surgeons growing to nine orthopaedic surgeons as of today. All of our surgeons are board certified in orthopaedic surgery and have completed specialized training.
-
Our physicians and staff are dedicated to providing the best care possible for you and your family. Our clinic is staffed with the finest physicians obtainable in their respective specialties. We invite you to browse through the pages on this website, become familiar with the services we have available, and call for an appointment when you are ready. We are here to serve you. Thanks for visiting our website and come again soon.
-
We provide diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive care including: Consultation for chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension treatment, dialysis technology and more, Clinical Research, Transplantation, Medical Director leadership at dialysis units, Vascular Access Center Management. Northwest Renal physicians manage the dialysis treatments of our patients at the dialysis centers.
-
Palms of Pasadena Hospital is a 307-bed, state-of-the-art hospital located in St. Petersburg, Florida. Palms offers comprehensive healthcare services, including emergency care, heart care, advanced surgical procedures, diagnostic imaging, orthopedics, therapy services, pain management, and help for a broad range of medical conditions. Equipped with the most advanced medical technology, and staffed by a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Palms is committed to providing high-quality care in a friendly hospital environment. MEDICAL SPECIALTIES: Allergy/Immunology, Bariatric Surgery, Cardiology, Continent Ostomy, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Gastroenterology, General Surgery, Gynecology, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Neurology, Orthopedics, Pain Management, Pathology, Plastic Surgery, Podiatry Psychiatry, Pulmonology, Radiation Oncology, Radiology, Rheumatology, Thoracic Surgery, Urology, Vascular Surgery.
-
From independent and assisted living to Alzheimers care, Summerville Senior Living has more than 40 senior living communities nationwide. Summerville is an alternative to traditional long-term care. Find a Summerville assisted living community near you.
-
From independent and assisted living to Alzheimers care, Summerville Senior Living has more than 40 senior living communities nationwide. Summerville is an alternative to traditional long-term care. Find a Summerville assisted living community near you.
-
THE SUNRISE HEALTH HOSPITALS - SUNRISE HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
NV, 89109 LAS VEGAS, 3186 SOUTH MARYLAND PARKWAY
Now celebrating more than 50 years in the community, Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center provides the most sophisticated, quality healthcare in Southern Nevada. As Las Vegas’ largest acute care facility, Sunrise provides comprehensive inpatient and outpatient services to the community.
-
West End Orthopaedic Clinic is a network of orthopaedic specialists with offices located on major hospital campuses throughout the Metro Richmond, Virginia area.
-
BUFFALO MEDICAL GROUP, P.C. - WEST SENECA SATELLITE LOCATION
NY, 14224 WEST SENECA, 120 GARDENVILLE PARKWAY
The Department of Nephrology provides adult patients with comprehensive evaluation and treatment of acute and chronic kidney disease. Our board certified physicians offer diagnostic testing to evaluate kidney function, consultations for all aspects of renal disease, renal biopsies, and they coordinate a full spectrum of inpatient, outpatient and home dialysis services.
-
Laredo Dentist, Dr. Olakunle Johnson is dedicated to cosmetic dentistry such as Exams, Teeth Whitening, Veneers and more. We are looking forward to your visit to our Laredo, Texas dental office. Excellence in dentistry begins with a careful co-diagnosis and treatment plan to establish the goals we will achieve together. Communication and long-term relationships are important to us. Let us know what is on your mind and ask questions. We will help you realize an investment in yourself pays dividends for a lifetime. We are caring, skilled professionals, dedicated to simplifying what is often a very complicated and confusing area of health care. We want all our patients to be informed and knowledgeable about their dental health care, from treatment plans and services, to insurance coverage.
-
LITTLE ROCK NEUROSURGERY CLINIC AT FREEWAY SURGERY CENTER
AR, 72204 LITTLE ROCK, 5800 WEST 10TH STREET
Little Rock Neurosurgery Clinic offers an experienced clinical team, as well as clerical staff that provides excellent neurosurgical treatment to every patient.
-
ERNEST HEALTH, INC. - ADVANCED CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO
NM, 88011 LAS CRUCES, 4451 EAST LOHMAN AVENUE
At Advanced Care Hospital of Southern New Mexico, we believe your recovery means more than just physical. At our new state-of-the-art facility, we offer long-term acute care and critical care services for patients recovering from serious illnesses or injuries. The hospital provides advanced long-term acute care, including high observation/critical care, for patients who require time to heal from catastrophic injury or illness. We focus on each patient’s unique needs to achieve maximum levels of recovery. At Advanced Care Hospital of Southern New Mexico, we are we are proud to be the newest addition to the Southern New Mexico health care continuum.
-
The staff at Laredo Specialty Hospital believes that recovery is not just physical – it is also a very emotional experience. Patients need a caring, highly-trained and supportive team to maximize recovery and regain independence. The Laredo Specialty Hospital provides advanced long-term acute care, including intensive care, for patients who require time to heal from catastrophic injury or illness.
-
Visiting Hours: Monday-Sunday: 10am - 9pm (Flexible). As a long term acute care hospital (LTAC), we specialize in treating medically complex patients such as those needing ventilator/pulmonary care, wound care, long term IV therapy and those with multi-system failure. We have a highly motivated and dedicated team of physicians, clinical and support staff focusing on our patients. We are committed to treating you with compassion, quality care and integrity. We strive to put you and your family first; to provide the medical and social resources available to maximize your recovery; and to ensure a safe transition back to your home or to another appropriate level of care.
-
Hours: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.The office closes daily for lunch from noon till 1 p.m. Piedmont Physicians at Kennesaw provides the full scope of family practice care including: Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries; Adult medicine; Pediatrics- children of all ages; Well woman exams and pap smears; Preventative care; Wellness counseling; Labs drawn in-house; Early detection; Immunizations; Health screenings; Complete annual physicals; X-Ray; Referral for complex care; Now offering Botox, Juvederm and Latisse; Cardiology services on-site on Fridays; Orthopaedic services on-site on Wednesdays.
-
Hours: Monday through Thursday: 8 a.m.- 4:30 p.m. and Friday: 8 a.m. - noon Piedmont Physicians at Peachtree City provides the full scope of primary care including: Preventative care; Wellness counseling; Early detection; Immunizations; Health screenings; Complete annual physicals; Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries; Referral when more complex care is needed; In-house lab draws; X-ray; Bone density; EKG; Holter monitors; Spirometry.
-
Hours: Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Thursdays, 8 a.m. to noon. Piedmont Physicians at Pickens provides the full scope of family practice care including: Services for all ages, Well child checks, Preventative care, Wellness counseling, Immunizations, Complete annual physicals, DOT physicals, Female exams, Health screenings, Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries, X-ray, EKG, Referral when more complex care is needed.
-
Office Hours: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday & Friday); 10 a.m. - 7 p.m. (Wednesday); 9 a.m. - 2 p.m. (Saturday). At Yesnick Vision Center, our comprehensive eye exam is painless, will determine the type and extent of your vision problem, and may not require dilation. If you are experiencing difficulty in the following areas, call us right now: reading or focusing difficulty; distance vision blur in either eye; night driving vision difficulties, especially glare issues like halos & starbursts; eye strain & fatigue or headache at the computer double vision at any time; if your glasses or contact lens prescription is over one year old. If your child is experiencing difficulty in learning, reading, or is showing a reduction in grades, he or she may have a vision problem. Parents typically pass their vision problems on to their kids. The vision of children and young adults change as they grow.
-
When first coming to Pain Care Boise, patients often have chronic, complicated, and long-standing pain-related problems. We realize that you may have been treated by a variety of doctors and therapists seeking help for your pain. We understand your frustration and desire for immediate relief. Our goal is to educate you about your pain diagnosis and the treatments available to provide you with the results and noticeable relief needed to improve your life. There are two basic forms of physical pain: acute and chronic. Acute pain, for the most part, results from disease, inflammation, or injury to tissues. It is a normal response to injury and is usually immediate and of short duration. Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than 3 months, and long beyond the time of normal healing. It ranges from mild to severe and can last months, years or a lifetime.
-
At Chesapeake Cardiology Clinic, our doctors are board certified cardiologists, trained in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Our courteous and highly trained physicians and staff are dedicated to providing the very best in cardiology care. We believe that the practice of medicine involves a trusting and caring relationship between physician and patient. Many times, basic or high-tech testing is necessary to thoroughly evaluate a patient, but we believe that too often these tests are used in place of a physician’s time, careful listening and caring. We strive to treat you and your family just as we would want to be treated ourselves.
-
We want your experience with Digestive Health Specialists to be a positive one. For your convenience, we’ve provided several resources for you to get started on your journey to good health. Make an appointment with our friendly and efficient staff or use our online scheduler and a staff member will contact you within 48 hours of your request.
-
Office Hours: Monday - Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm. Hampton Roads Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine has been providing quality orthopaedic care for more than 50 years to area residents in Hampton Roads. Originally founded by Dr. Wieman Kretz, the first orthopaedic surgeon in the area, Hampton Roads Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine continues to evolve to meet the demands of the ever-changing orthopaedic healthcare industry. In addition to orthopaedic care, our physicians participate with the training of future physicians through the Riverside Regional Medical Center as well as participating in clinical research studies and working with various healthcare developers to enhance adult reconstruction. The mission of Hampton Roads Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine is to provide the highest quality of orthopaedic care while focusing on educating our patients in the prevention of orthopaedic injuries and diseases. We are committed to keeping bodies in motion!
-
Monday - Friday: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Senior Services, an integral part of John Muir Health and the Community Health Alliance, offers a wide range of educational programs, support groups, resource information and assessment services. Our focus is on older adults, their families and those caring for them. Our goal is to enable seniors to maintain an independent, optimal quality of life.
-
Lubbock Urology Clinic was established in 1951, providing urologic care in Lubbock's hospital district until its current ownership built a new state of the art facility in southwest Lubbock. Lubbock Urology Clinic has been providing leading edge treatment to the area residents as well as many smaller communities in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico.
-
Hours: Monday-Friday 8am - 5pm. Piedmont Physicians at Acworth offers comprehensive primary care services, including: Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries; Routine physicals; DOT physicals; Sports physicals; Preventative care; Chronic disease management; Labs drawn in-house; Referral when more complex care is needed; Wellness Counseling; Adult Immunizations.
-
Hours: Monday through Thursday, 8 a.m. - 5 p.m., Friday 8 a.m. - noon <br>Walk-in patients are seen Monday through Thursday, 6 p.m. - 9 p.m. Piedmont Physicians at Jasper offers comprehensive primary care services, including: Services for all ages, Well child checks, Preventative care, Immunizations, Complete annual physicals, DOT physicals, Sports physicals, Female exams, Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries, EKG, Pulmonary function testing, Referral when more complex care is needed, Off-site drug screenings and DOT physicals for local businesses.
-
Hours: Monday - Friday 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Piedmont Physicians Sharpsburg provides comprehensive primary care services for children, youth and adults. Services include: Complete annual physicals; Preventative care; Wellness counseling Immunizations; Health screenings; Medical care for illness, disease, and injuries; Labs drawn in-house; Spirometry; Referral when more complex care is needed.